At lower pH levels, the complex hydrolyzes to release picolinic acid and free Cr 3+. Similar to other chromium(III) compounds, it is relatively inert and unreactive, meaning that this complex is stable at ambient conditions and high temperatures are required to decompose the compound. It is poorly soluble in water, having a solubility of 600 μM in water at near neutral pH. Physicochemical properties Watch glass with two grams of chromium(III) picolinate Skeletal stick model (hydrogen atoms omitted) of the chromium(III) picolinate complex Rotating video file of chromium picolinate coordination chemistry and molecular geometryĬhromium(III) picolinate is a pinkish-red compound and was first reported in 1917. The only accepted indicator of chromium deficiency is the reversal of symptoms that occurs when chromium(III) supplementation is administered to people on total parenteral nutrition. The first experiment that led to the discovery of Cr 3+ playing a role in glucose metabolism proposed that the biologically active form of the metal existed in a protein called glucose tolerance factor, however, new evidence suggests that it is simply an artifact obtained from isolation procedures. Furthermore, this controversy is amplified by the fact that no Cr-containing biomolecules have had their structure characterized, nor has the mode of action been determined. This controversy centers on whether Cr 3+ provides any nutritional benefits. Īmongst the transition metals, Cr 3+ is the most controversial in terms of nutritional value and toxicity. Research has generally shown that it improves insulin sensitivity by either prolonging its activity or up-regulating the production of mRNA to produce more insulin receptors. A 2013 Cochrane review was unable to find "reliable evidence to inform firm decisions" to support such claims. History Ī study in 1989 suggested that chromium(III) picolinate may assist in weight loss and increase muscle mass which led to an increase in the usage of chromium(III) picolinate supplements, resulting in it being for a while the second most widely used supplement behind calcium. As such, chromium(III) picolinate has been proposed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, although its effectiveness remains controversial due to conflicting evidence from human trials. Chromium has been identified as regulating insulin by increasing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor. Large quantities of chromium are needed for glucose utilization by insulin in normal health, but deficiency is extremely uncommon and has been observed usually in people receiving 100% of their nutrient needs intravenously, i.e., total parenteral nutrition diets.
This bright-red coordination compound is derived from chromium(III) and picolinic acid.
It is sold as a nutritional supplement to treat type 2 diabetes and promote weight loss. Chromium(III) picolinate is a chemical compound with the formula Cr(C 5H 4N(CO 2H)) 3, commonly abbreviated as CrPic 3.
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